State ex rel. Liposchak v. Industrial Commission

[This opinion has been published in Ohio Official Reports at 

73 Ohio St.3d 194

.]




     THE STATE EX REL. LIPOSCHAK v. INDUSTRIAL COMMISSION OF OHIO.
        [Cite as State ex rel. Liposchak v. Indus. Comm., 

1995-Ohio-138

.]
Workers'      compensation—Application            for    permanent       total     disability
        compensation—Claimant diagnosed with malignant mesothelioma twelve
        years after resigning in lieu of disciplinary action—Industrial Commission
        errs in denying compensation when claimant suffers from a condition with
        an extremely long latency period.
       (No. 95-391—Submitted April 24, 1995—Decided August 16, 1995.)
                                      IN MANDAMUS.
                                  __________________
        {¶ 1} Relator-claimant, Robert E. Liposchak, began working for respondent
Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel in 1945. In 1980, claimant was caught bringing a
handgun into the plant. Faced with disciplinary action, claimant quit. Claimant's
work activities after that are unclear. Claimant, at best, worked sporadic odd jobs
and allegedly cared for an invalid couple until their death.
        {¶ 2} In 1992, twelve years after he quit Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel,
claimant was diagnosed with malignant mesothelioma. A workers' compensation
claim was allowed after it was determined that the condition arose from claimant's
employment.       A short time later, claimant applied to respondent, Industrial
Commission of Ohio, for permanent total disability compensation. The application
was denied after the commission found that:
        "[C]laimant voluntarily removed himself from the active work force. The
claimant retired on 4-4-80 and has remained unemployed to the present. Although
the claimant's representative argued that caring for the elderly couple was
employment, there was no evidence presented supporting the existence of an
employment relationship between the parties.
                             SUPREME COURT OF OHIO




        "Bequeathment of the home to the claimant in itself is insufficient to
establish an employer/employee relationship.
        "The commission finds that the claimant removed himself from the active
workforce on 4-4-80. Therefore the claimant is not permanently and totally
disabled."
        {¶ 3} This cause is now before this court as an original action in mandamus
to compel the commission to award him permanent total disability compensation.
                               __________________
        Stewart Jaffy & Associates Co., L.P.A., Stewart R. Jaffy and Marc J. Jaffy,
for relator.
        Betty D. Montgomery, Attorney General, and Yolanda L. Barnes, Assistant
Attorney General, for respondent.
                               __________________
        Per Curiam.
        {¶ 4} Claimant's mesothelioma undeniably arose from his employment at
Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel.       Claimant's mesothelioma undeniably prevents
sustained remunerative employment.            Medical impairment notwithstanding,
permanent total disability may nonetheless be foreclosed if it is found that claimant
voluntarily removed himself from the labor market prior to his permanent total
disability application. State ex rel. Baker Material Handling Corp. v. Indus. Comm.
(1994), 

69 Ohio St.3d 202

, 

631 N.E.2d 138

. Claimant initially challenges Baker's
applicability. He alternatively argues that he never voluntarily abandoned the work
force. For the reasons to follow, we order the commission to vacate its permanent
total disability denial and to enter an order that declares claimant to be permanently
and totally disabled.
        {¶ 5} The existence of a causal relationship between an allowed condition
and an inability to work underlies all successful requests for disability
compensation. Problems can arise when another factor independently contributes




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                                January Term, 1995




to the inability to return to relevant employment. We have characterized these
factors as either involuntary or voluntary, with the latter precluding permanent total
disability compensation when it constitutes an abandonment of the entire job
market. Baker, supra, at paragraph two of the syllabus.
       {¶ 6} In State ex rel. Ashcraft v. Indus. Comm. (1987), 

34 Ohio St.3d 42

,

517 N.E.2d 533

, we classified as "voluntary," a departure from the work force that
was precipitated by the claimant's imprisonment. We reasoned:
       "While a prisoner's incarceration would not normally be considered a
'voluntary' act, one may be presumed to tacitly accept the consequences of his
voluntary acts. When a person chooses to violate the law, he, by his own action,
subjects himself to the punishment which the state has prescribed for that act." 

Id. at 44

, 

517 N.E.2d at 535

.
       {¶ 7} In State ex rel. Watts v. Schottenstein Stores Corp. (1993), 

68 Ohio St.3d 118, 121

, 

623 N.E.2d 1202, 1204

, we noted that "* * * firing can constitute a
voluntary abandonment of the former position of employment. Although not
generally consented to, discharge, like incarceration, is often a consequence of
behavior that the claimant willingly undertook, and may thus take on a voluntary
character."
       {¶ 8} We recognize that claimant was not technically fired, but resigned in
lieu of such disciplinary action. This distinction is irrelevant. We do find, however,
two significant distinctions between this case and both Watts and Ashcraft.
       {¶ 9} First, claimant suffers from a condition with an extremely long
latency period. As noted in State Indus. Ins. Syst. v. Jesch (1985), 

101 Nev. 690, 692

, 

709 P.2d 172, 174

, mesothelioma, at a minimum, has a latency period of
twenty-five to thirty years. Latency periods of up to forty years are not uncommon.
On at least two prior occasions we have recognized the unique workers'
compensation problems that can arise from long-latency occupational diseases. See




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                             SUPREME COURT OF OHIO




Caruso v. Aluminum Co. of Am. (1984), 

15 Ohio St.3d 306

, 15 OBR 436, 

473 N.E.2d 818

; Jacobs v. Teledyne, Inc. (1988), 

39 Ohio St.3d 168

, 

529 N.E.2d 1255

.
       {¶ 10} Second, claimant did not have an allowed workers' compensation
claim for his occupational disease at the time he left Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel.
Again, his mesothelioma did not arise for another twelve years. Viewing these
factors together, we decline to extend the reasoning that underlies Watts and
Ashcraft to these facts. Unquestionably, claimant committed an extremely serious
offense by taking a gun to work, irrespective of the plant's location in what he
perceived to be an unsafe area. Nevertheless, we cannot find that in so doing, the
claimant tacitly surrendered a right that did not exist and could not be foreseen.
       {¶ 11} Accordingly, a writ of mandamus is granted.
                                                                       Writ granted.
       DOUGLAS, RESNICK, F.E. SWEENEY and PFEIFER, JJ., concur.
       MOYER, C.J., WRIGHT and COOK, JJ., dissent.
                              __________________
       COOK, J. dissenting.
       {¶ 12} I respectfully dissent. Here we have a claimant who applied for
permanent total disability compensation ("PTD") twelve years after voluntarily
retiring (albeit in order to avoid being fired) and never having reentered the job
market. According to the criteria set forth in State ex rel. Baker Material Handling
Corp. v. Indus. Comm. (1994), 

69 Ohio St.3d 202

, 

631 N.E.2d 138

, paragraph two
of the syllabus, this claimant should be ineligible for PTD. The majority opinion
does not reach its contrary result by determining that either of these criteria from
Baker is unmet. Rather, the latency period of mesothelioma is the factor employed
by the majority to find Liposchak eligible for PTD. In effect, the opinion reasons
that in order for the rule in Baker to apply, the claimant needs to have known that
he was foregoing a PTD claim when retiring from the job and the job market
entirely. The fallacy with this analysis is that PTD compensation is intended to




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                                January Term, 1995




compensate for a claimant's probable future wage loss due to the total impairment
of the claimant's earning capacity. 

Id. at 212

, 

631 N.E.2d at 146

. While a worker
may have a valid medical status for claiming PTD, if that person has already
voluntarily abandoned the job market, the person has no future wage loss and
therefore no basis for receiving PTD. This is the logical principle that evolves from
the common law, set forth in Baker at paragraph two of the syllabus, State ex rel.
Chrysler Corp. v. Indus. Comm. (1991), 

62 Ohio St.3d 193

, 

580 N.E.2d 1082

, and
State ex rel. CPC Group, Gen. Motors Corp. v. Indus. Comm. (1990), 

53 Ohio St.3d 209

, 

559 N.E.2d 1330

.
       Accordingly, I would deny the writ of mandamus.
       MOYER, C.J., and WRIGHT, J., concur in the foregoing dissenting opinion.
                              __________________




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