Opinion · United States Tax Court
Cook v. Commissioner
5 T.C. 908
- Type
- Opinion
- Court
- United States Tax Court
- Jurisdiction
- Federal
- Date
- 1945-10-15
- Topic
- general
How later courts describe this case
- finding assignment of income where donor of shares was “well aware that the corporate activities had all but ceased except for the actual distribution in liquidation”
Citator
UpLaw has not yet analyzed Cook v. Commissioner. The absence of a flag is not a finding that it is good law.
- Cited by
- 21 opinions
COOK v. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE,5 T.C. 908(1945)
HOWARD COOK, PETITIONER, v. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, RESPONDENT.
Docket No. 5542.
United States Tax Court.
Promulgated October 15, 1945.
2.Held,value of notes received by taxpayer as part of a distribution in liquidation included interest accrued thereon.
The issues for decision are: (1) Whether the petitioner made a valid gift to each of his sons on December 23, 1941, of 60 shares of capital stock of Midland Printing Co., a corporation, and (2) the determination of the market value of certain notes received by the petitioner as a part of a distribution in liquidation of the Midland Printing Co.Page 909
FINDINGS OF FACT.
Most of the facts are contained in a stipulation, together with exhibits attached thereto. The following is a summary of the stipulated facts and the facts otherwise adduced from the record.
The petitioner is an individual residing in Jefferson City, Missouri. During the year in controversy the petitioner was president of the Central Missouri Trust Co. in Jefferson City. The return for the year involved was filed with the collector for the sixth district of Missouri.
The petitioner is the father of two sons, Sam B. Cook, born April 20, 1922, and Howard W. Cook, born November 7, 1924. His sons were 19 and 17 years of age, respectively, in the taxable year involved.
On December 23, 1941, the petitioner was the owner of certificate No. 13 for 300 shares of common stock of Midland Printing Co., a corporation, hereinafter referred to as Midland. There was a total of 900 shares of capital stock outstanding.
Sometime in October 1941 Midland learned that it might not receive the renewal of a contract from the State of Missouri, with which it transacted the major portion of its business. Due in part to this possible loss of business, Midland during the same month commenced negotiations to sell its printing and binding business.
Thereafter, prior to December 15, 1941, Midland sold its assets which were devoted to the printing and binding business to Mid-State Printing Co. This sale was approved by the stockholders of Midland at a special meeting held on December 15, 1941. At the same meeting the stockholders agreed, by resolution, to sell the remaining assets, exclusive of cash and notes, for the sum of $40,843.21.
The assets of Midland thereafter remaining consisted of cash and ten notes of Mid-State Printing Co., each in the amount of $15,000. On the same day the stockholders, by resolution, voted to liquidate and dissolve the corporation prior to December 31, 1941, and agreed upon the distribution among themselves of the notes of Mid-State Printing Co.
On December 23, 1941, the petitioner addressed identical letters to each of his sons, providing as follows:
I am, on this 23rd day of December, 1941, giving to you sixty (60) shares of Midland Printing Company Common stock, represented by an undivided interest in my certificate of stock in said corporation, being No. 13, issued for 300 shares, January 15, 1936.
This is a very valuable Christmas present and I hope will long be remembered by you.
On the same day the petitioner addressed a letter to Shelton, Younger Co., advising that his shares in Midland had been partially disposed of and directing that checks representing liquidating dividendsPage 910of the company should be issued to Howard Cook (the petitioner), as owner of 180 shares; Sam B. Cook, as owner of 60 shares; and Howard W. Cook, as owner of 60 shares.
At an adjourned meeting of the stockholders of Midland held on December 29, 1941, the shares of stock purportedly given by the petitioner to his sons were voted by him as their proxy. At that meeting a statement of liquidation was presented, showing distributions in liquidation to the petitioner in the total amount of $85,225.75 and to each of his two sons in the amounts of $28,408.58 in cash. Included in the distribution to the petitioner were notes in the face amount of $45,000 and accrued interest thereon of $450. The petitioner's sons received cash only. On motion, checks representing the distributions outlined in the above mentioned statement were then presented, approved, and delivered to the shareholders.
The petitioner filed a gift tax return for 1941 on Form 709, reporting gifts made on December 23, 1941, of 60 shares of common stock of Midland each to Sam B. Cook and Howard W. Cook. The return disclosed a total gift tax liability of $145.50.
The petitioner's sons each filed donee's information return of gifts, Form 710, for 1941, reporting the receipt of a gift of 60 shares of common stock of Midland.
The amounts distributed to Sam B. Cook and Howard W. Cook were subsequently loaned by them to the petitioner in return for his unsecured notes. Those notes have been kept in the petitioner's lock box in a file in their names.
The petitioner received in liquidation of his 180 shares of stock cash of $39,775.75 and notes of Mid-State Printing Co. in the face amount of $45,000, plus accrued interest thereon of $450. The petitioner was dissatisfied with the original form of the notes because they failed to specify the time at which the interest was payable. He felt, as a banker, that no bank would discount the notes or accept them as collateral. At the petitioner's insistence, within 60 days after the issuance of the original notes, new notes were issued with the same signatures and in the same manner as the original notes, but in a different form. The interest which had accrued from the date of the original notes to the date of their reissuance was forgiven by the petitioner.
OPINION.
The facts have been set forth in detail in our findings and they need not be repeated here. The question arising from them is not so much whether gifts were made, but is rather a question of what was given. There can be little doubt that the petitioner went through some of the formalities of making a gift of stock to each of his sons. He wrote a letter to each, advising him that he was making such a gift; he endorsed his stock certificate, indicating the disposition of 120 of the 300 shares represented thereby; and he notified Shelton, Younger Co. (apparently the transfer agent of Midland) of his actions. Since at the time herein involved the petitioner's sons were minors, it may well be questioned whether the formalities gone through by the petitioner were sufficient to effect delivery of the subject matter of the gifts to the donees. Cf.Weilv.Commissioner,82 F.2d 561.
Regardless of that, however, upon a careful scrutiny of the whole record, looking to realities rather than formalities, it is our opinion that the petitioner intended to, and did, make gifts of a portion of the distributions in liquidation rather than bona fide gifts of stock to his sons. At the time the alleged gifts were made the corporation was in the process of dissolution and liquidation. The major portion of its assets had been sold prior to December 15, 1941, and the sale of the remainder had been authorized at the special stockholders' meeting held on that date. The petitioner was present at that meeting and voted in favor of the liquidation and dissolution of Midland. Consequently, he was well aware that the corporate activities had all but ceased except for the actual distribution in liquidation. He knew that the only possible benefits his sons could derive from the gifts would be to receive the amounts distributed in liquidation of those shares.
The petitioner contends, however, that at the time of the alleged gifts the liquidation of the corporation was not yet complete and that the resolution to liquidate could have been rescinded at the adjourned meeting held on December 29, 1941, and that the petitioner's sons could have voted their stock in favor of such rescission at that time. Viewed as a matter of corporate formalities, this contention may have merit, but we are concerned with actualities. The petitioner testified that two of his associates, who, with the petitioner, owned a majority of the stock, had been desirous that the corporation should be dissolved. At the meeting on December 15 the stockholders voted unanimously for liquidation. By December 29 all the assets of Midland had been disposed of in accordance with the resolution passedPage 912at the earlier meeting and no reason appears why such action should have been rescinded at the later meeting. It must be remembered further that the petitioner's sons did not vote the stock allegedly given them at the December 29 meeting. Those shares were voted by the petitioner as "proxy" for his two minor sons.
The petitioner well knew that nothing remained to be done except to have the actual proceeds of liquidation distributed among the shareholders. In his letter to Shelton, Younger Co. advising them of the gifts to his sons, he directed that checks representing a liquidating dividend on 180 shares be distributed to him and that a check representing liquidating dividends on 60 shares be distributed to each of his sons. It was thus patently never his intention that his sons should exercise any ownership over the stock, but merely that they should participate in the proceeds of liquidation.
The case at bar is similar in many respects to that ofMcInerneyv.Commissioner,82 F.2d 665. There the taxpayer, by deed of gift, created an estate by the entirety in himself and his wife in certain realty which he had acquired for purposes of sale and which, in fact, they immediately thereafter sold. It was held that the transaction did not constitute a bona fide gift of one-half of the realty to the wife, but was a gift of an interest in the benefits, and that the taxpayer was not relieved of his tax liability on any part thereof. In its discussion the court said:
* * * Under the circumstances it appears that it was not the intention of the petitioner that his wife should have any real interest in this property. He had agreed to dispose of all of it long before, and his wife acted at every point in accordance with the agreement. A continuing intention existed to effect the sale, and the transfer to the wife was a mere incident.
A single transaction may not be broken up into various elements to avoid a tax. [Citations.] * * * The gift was a gift of an interest in the profits and does not relieve the petitioner of tax liability. * * *
Viewing the situation as a whole, it is our opinion that a similar conclusion must be reached in the instant case. We therefore hold that the petitioner made a gift, not of stock, but of the proceeds of liquidation and that he is properly taxable on the gain arising therefrom. Cf.Doylev.Commissioner,147 F.2d 769.
The next and final issue concerns the market value of the notes received by the petitioner. The facts show that the petitioner received as a part of his distributable share notes of Mid-State Printing Co. in the face amount of $45,000, together with accrued interest thereon in the amount of $450. The petitioner was unsatisfied with the original form of the notes because they did not express the time at which the interest was payable. He felt that no bank would discount such notes or hold them as collateral. Therefore, within 60 days after the receipt of the original notes, at the petitioners' insistence, new notes were issuedPage 913with the same signatures and in the same manner as the original notes, but in a different form. The petitioner forgave the interest which had accrued from the date of the original notes to the date of their reissue. From this the petitioner contends that the notes he received on December 29, 1941, were worth no more than their face amount and that the accrued interest should not be considered a part of their value.
We do not agree. The only evidence that the value of the notes was less than the amount determined by the respondent is the petitioner's statement that he did not believe they would be acceptable to any bank. He does not contend that the notes were worth less than their principal amount, but contends he should not be charged with the accrued interest received as a part of the distribution in liquidation. There is no evidence, however, that the interest was uncollectible. In fact, it appears that the accrued interest was of value at the time of its receipt, since the petitioner testified that he forgave such interest in consideration of the reissue of the notes in what he considered a more marketable form.
The petitioner has not proved that the notes or the interest accrued thereon had a lesser value than that determined by the respondent. Consequently, the respondent must be sustained.Decision will be entered for the respondent.