Opinion · Supreme Court of the United States

Chesapeake & Ohio Railway Co. v. Nixon

271 U.S. 218

Type
Opinion
Court
Supreme Court of the United States
Jurisdiction
Federal
Date
1926-05-24
Topic
general

Mr. Justice Holmes delivered the opinion of the Court. ■ " > This is a suit to recover damages for the death of the .plaintiff’s husband, the intestate, from the Railroad Company upoii. whose tracks the death occurred. The plaintiff, "(the respondent here,) obtained a. verdict arid *219 judgment in the trial Court and upon a writ of error the judgment was .affirmed by the Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia. 140 Va. 351. As the recovery was based- upon the Employers’ Liability -Act of April 22, 1908, c. 149, § 1, 35 Stat. 65, the death having occurred in interstate commerce, a writ of certiorari was granted by this Court to review certain questions .of law that arose in the case. 267 U. S. 590.

Citator

UpLaw has not yet analyzed Chesapeake & Ohio Railway Co. v. Nixon. The absence of a flag is not a finding that it is good law.

Cited by
109 opinions

Headnotes

  1. Torts — Assumption of Risk A railroad section foreman whose duties include inspecting the track and keeping it in repair assumes the risk of being struck by a train while on a part of the track under his charge, and the railroad is entitled to expect such an employee to rely on his own watchfulness and keep out of the way of trains; the railroad's duty to this class of employees is not measured by the duty it may owe to others. 271 U.S. at 219
  2. Torts — Assumption of Risk Permission from a superior allowing a track employee to use a railway velocipede in traveling to his work over track under his charge does not enlarge the railroad's obligation to him beyond what it would have been had the permission not been given; such a grant is merely an extension of his ordinary rights and usual risks. 271 U.S. at 219
CHES. OHIO RY.v. NIXON,271 U.S. 218(1926)
46 S.Ct. 495
CHESAPEAKE AND OHIO RAILWAY COMPANYv. NIXON, ADMINISTRATRIX.
CERTIORARI TO THE SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF VIRGINIA.
No. 306.
Argued May 3, 1926.
Decided May 24, 1926.
A railroad section foreman, one of whose duties was to go over and inspect the track and keep it in repair, assumed the risk of being run down by a train while going to his work over a part of the track that was in his charge, riding (by permission of a superior) the railway velocipede which he used in track inspections. P. 219.140 Va. 351, reversed.
CERTIORARI to a judgment of the Supreme Court of Appeals of
Virginia, which affirmed a recovery of damages in an action under
the Federal Employers' Liability Act.
Messrs. S.H. WilliamsandRandolph Harrison, with whomMr. A.R. Longwas on the brief, for petitioner.Mr. Duncan Drysdale, with whomMr. Aubrey E. Strodewas on the brief, for respondent.
MR. JUSTICE HOLMES delivered the opinion of the Court.
This is a suit to recover damages for the death of the plaintiff's husband, the intestate, from the Railroad Company upon whose tracks the death occurred. The plaintiff, (the respondent here,) obtained a verdict andPage 219judgment in the trial Court and upon a writ of error the judgment was affirmed by the Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia.140 Va. 351. As the recovery was based upon the Employers' Liability Act of April 22, 1908, c. 149, § 1,35 Stat. 65, the death having occurred in interstate commerce, a writ of certiorari was granted by this Court to review certain questions of law that arose in the case.267 U.S. 590.

The deceased was an experienced section foreman upon the defendant's road. One of his duties was to go over and examine the track and to keep it in proper repair. When inspecting the track he used a three wheeled velocipede that fitted the rails and was propelled by the feet of the user. He had obtained from his immediate superior, the Supervisor of Track, leave to use the machine also in going to his work from his house, about a mile distant, over a part of the track that was in his charge. His work began at seven in the morning and at half-past six on the day of his death he started as usual. Five minutes later he was overtaken by a train and killed. For reasons that the jury found insufficient to excuse the omission, the engineer and fireman of the train were not on the lookout, and the question raised is whether as toward the deceased the defendant owed a duty to keep a lookout, or whether on the other hand the deceased took the risk.

If the accident had happened an hour later when the deceased was inspecting the track, we think that there is no doubt that he would be held to have assumed the risk, and to have understood, as he instructed his men, that he must rely upon his own watchfulness and keep out of the way. The Railroad Company was entitled to expect that self-protection from its employees.Aerkfetzv.Humphreys,145 U.S. 418;Boldtv.PennsylvaniaR.R. Co.,245 U.S. 441,445,446.Connellyv.Pennsylvania R.Co., 201 F. 54;Davisv.Philadelphia R. Ry. Co.,Page 220276 F. 187;Pennsylvania R.R. Co. v.Wachter,60 Md. 395; 4 Elliott on Railroads, 3d ed., § 1862. The duty of the railroad company toward this class of employees was not affected by that which it might owe to others.

The permission to use the velocipede in going to his work did not make the defendant's obligation to the deceased greater than it would have been after he got there. We assume that it was as effective to make the use of the car lawful as would have been a stockholders' vote spread upon the records of the company. But the implications are not necessarily the same. It was a trifling incident of daily life by which a subordinate officer of the company allowed one lower in grade to enlarge his customary use of the machine by an hour for his own convenience, although even then, in the opinion of the Court of Appeals of Virginia, already engaged in his duties. It seems to us to have been no more than an extension of his ordinary rights and his usual risks.Judgment reversed.